Chickenpox in 11 Month Old: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention Tips

October 19, 2024

4 12 minutes read

What is Chickenpox?

Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a viral infection that primarily affects children.^[4] The varicella-zoster virus responsible for chickenpox is part of the herpesvirus family and is known for causing the characteristic itchy, blister-like rash associated with the illness.^[9]

Before the introduction of the chickenpox vaccine in 1995, nearly every child in the United States contracted chickenpox at some point during their childhood.^[4] However, since the widespread implementation of the vaccine, cases of chickenpox have decreased by nearly 90%.^[9]

Despite this significant reduction, chickenpox remains a common childhood illness, particularly among unvaccinated children. The disease is highly contagious and can easily spread through direct contact with the fluid from chickenpox blisters or through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.^[9]

While chickenpox is usually a mild illness in healthy children, it can sometimes lead to more severe symptoms and complications, especially in babies, adults, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems.^[4] That’s why it’s essential for parents to familiarize themselves with the signs and symptoms of chickenpox, as well as the available treatment options and prevention strategies.

What Causes Chickenpox in 11 Month Olds?

Chickenpox in 11 month olds is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a highly contagious virus that spreads easily from person to person. There are two main ways an 11 month old baby can contract chickenpox:

Exposure to an infected person: Chickenpox is highly contagious and can easily spread from person to person through direct contact or by breathing in viral particles from an infected individual’s coughs or sneezes.^[6] If your 11 month old comes into close contact with someone who has chickenpox, there’s a high likelihood that they will contract the virus.
Congenital chickenpox: In rare cases, a baby can be born with chickenpox if their mother contracts the virus during pregnancy, especially during the early stages.^[7] This is known as congenital varicella syndrome and can lead to serious complications for the newborn, such as birth defects or neurological issues.

It’s important to note that babies under 12 months old are too young to receive the chickenpox vaccine, which is typically administered between 12-15 months of age.^[13] However, some babies may have temporary passive immunity against the virus if their mother had chickenpox or was vaccinated before pregnancy.^[8] This protection is passed from the mother to the baby through the placenta and can help safeguard the infant during their first few months of life.

Despite this potential passive immunity, it’s still crucial for parents and caregivers to take precautions to prevent their 11 month old from being exposed to chickenpox. This includes ensuring that family members and close contacts are up to date on their vaccinations and practicing good hygiene habits, such as frequent handwashing.

What Are the Symptoms of Chickenpox in 11 Month Olds?

Recognizing the symptoms of chickenpox in an 11 month old is essential for prompt diagnosis and treatment. The classic signs and symptoms of chickenpox in babies include:

1. Rash

The most recognizable symptom of chickenpox is the characteristic itchy rash that develops on the skin.^[1] In babies, the rash typically appears in three stages:

Stage 1: Small, red spots or bumps appear on the face, chest, or back before spreading to other parts of the body, including the mouth, eyelids, and genital area.^[10]
Stage 2: Over the next few days, the spots develop into fluid-filled blisters that are extremely itchy and may burst.^[10]
Stage 3: The blisters crust over and form scabs, which eventually fall off, leaving behind temporary red marks or slight scarring.^[10]

It’s important to note that new spots may continue to appear for several days after the initial onset of the rash, so your baby may have bumps in various stages at the same time.^[1]

2. Fever

Many babies with chickenpox will experience a fever, typically around 101-102°F (38.3-38.9°C), which may occur 1-2 days before the rash appears.^[1] The fever can cause your baby to feel unwell and fussy, and may be accompanied by other flu-like symptoms such as a headache or sore throat.

3. Loss of Appetite

Chickenpox can cause a loss of appetite in babies, particularly if they have blisters in their mouth or throat that make eating uncomfortable.^[2] It’s essential to ensure your baby stays hydrated during this time by offering plenty of fluids, such as water, breast milk, or formula.

4. Fatigue

Your 11 month old may experience increased fatigue and drowsiness due to their body’s efforts to fight off the viral infection.^[2] They may sleep more than usual or appear less responsive to their surroundings.

In some cases, babies with chickenpox may also develop other symptoms, such as a mild cough, runny nose, or swollen lymph nodes.^[5] If you suspect your 11 month old has chickenpox, it’s crucial to monitor their symptoms closely and contact your healthcare provider for guidance, especially if your baby has a weakened immune system.

How is Chickenpox Diagnosed in 11 Month Olds?

Diagnosing chickenpox in an 11 month old is typically a straightforward process based on the presence of the characteristic itchy rash and other associated symptoms.^[4] In most cases, a healthcare provider can diagnose chickenpox through a physical examination and an assessment of your baby’s medical history.

During the examination, your doctor will carefully inspect your baby’s skin, looking for the telltale signs of chickenpox, such as the red, fluid-filled blisters in various stages of development.^[9] They may also check for other symptoms, like fever, loss of appetite, or fatigue, which can help confirm the diagnosis.

In some instances, particularly if your baby’s presentation is atypical or if they have a weakened immune system, your healthcare provider may recommend additional tests to confirm the diagnosis.^[12] These tests may include:

Viral culture: A sample of fluid from a blister or a swab of the throat can be sent to a laboratory to grow and identify the varicella-zoster virus.^[12]
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): This highly sensitive test can detect the presence of varicella-zoster virus DNA in samples from blisters, blood, or other bodily fluids.^[12]
Blood tests: In some cases, blood tests may be used to detect antibodies to the varicella-zoster virus, which can help determine if your baby has had a recent or past infection.^[12]

It’s important to note that not all cases of chickenpox require laboratory confirmation, as the diagnosis can often be made based on clinical presentation alone. However, if your healthcare provider suspects a more severe case or if your baby is at high risk for complications, they may recommend additional testing to guide treatment decisions.

If you believe your 11 month old may have been exposed to chickenpox or is showing signs of the illness, it’s essential to contact your pediatrician or healthcare provider promptly. They can evaluate your baby’s condition and provide appropriate guidance on managing the disease and preventing complications.

What is the Treatment for Chickenpox in 11 Month Olds?

Treatment for chickenpox in an 11 month old primarily focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications, as there is no specific cure for the viral infection.^[9] The approach to treatment may vary depending on the severity of your baby’s symptoms and their overall health.

1. Home Remedies

In most cases, chickenpox can be managed at home with supportive care measures aimed at keeping your baby comfortable and promoting healing. Some effective home remedies include:

Relieving itching: Applying calamine lotion, taking lukewarm baths with colloidal oatmeal, or using over-the-counter oral antihistamines can help alleviate the itching associated with the chickenpox rash.^[9]
Managing fever: Acetaminophen can be used to reduce fever and relieve discomfort in babies over 3 months old. However, it’s crucial to avoid giving aspirin to children with chickenpox, as it can lead to a rare but serious condition called Reye’s syndrome.^[9]
Preventing dehydration: Encouraging your baby to drink plenty of fluids, such as water, breast milk, or formula, can help prevent dehydration caused by fever or reduced appetite.^[3]
Keeping the skin clean: Gently washing the skin with mild soap and water can help prevent secondary bacterial infections. Trimming your baby’s fingernails and putting mittens on their hands can minimize scratching and further reduce the risk of infection.^[3]

2. Medications

In some cases, particularly for babies at high risk of complications or those with severe symptoms, healthcare providers may prescribe antiviral medications to help manage chickenpox.^[9] The most common antiviral drug used is acyclovir, which can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms if started within the first 24 hours of the rash appearing.^[9]

Antiviral treatment is typically recommended for:

Babies under 12 months old
Individuals with weakened immune systems
Those with severe symptoms or complications^[9]

If your healthcare provider determines that your 11 month old requires antiviral treatment, they will provide specific instructions on administering the medication and monitoring your baby’s response.

It’s essential to follow your healthcare provider’s guidance closely and contact them if your baby’s condition worsens or if they develop any signs of complications, such as difficulty breathing, high fever, or a secondary skin infection.

How Can Chickenpox in 11 Month Olds Be Prevented?

Preventing chickenpox in 11 month olds is crucial, as babies under 12 months are at a higher risk for complications from the virus. The most effective strategies for preventing chickenpox in infants include:

1. Vaccination

The chickenpox vaccine is the best way to protect your baby from contracting the virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends a two-dose vaccine series for children, with the first dose administered between 12-15 months of age and the second dose given between 4-6 years of age.^[13]

Although your 11 month old is too young to receive the vaccine, ensuring that family members and caregivers are up to date on their vaccinations can help create a protective “cocoon” around your baby, reducing their risk of exposure.^[8]

2. Avoiding Contact with Infected Individuals

Chickenpox is highly contagious and can easily spread through direct contact with the fluid from chickenpox blisters or through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.^[9] To minimize your baby’s risk of exposure, it’s essential to keep them away from anyone who has chickenpox or shingles, which is caused by the same virus.^[8]

If a family member or close contact develops chickenpox, take steps to isolate the infected individual and practice good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, to reduce the risk of transmission.

3. Maintaining Good Hygiene

Practicing good hygiene habits is another crucial aspect of preventing the spread of chickenpox. Encourage family members and caregivers to wash their hands regularly with soap and water, especially before handling your baby.^[9]

Additionally, avoid sharing personal items, such as towels, clothing, or utensils, with anyone who has chickenpox or shingles, as the virus can spread through contact with contaminated objects.^[7]

If your baby has been exposed to someone with chickenpox, contact your healthcare provider immediately. In some cases, they may recommend a post-exposure prophylaxis, such as the administration of varicella-zoster immune globulin (VARIZIG), to help prevent or mitigate the severity of the infection.^[12]

When Should a Parent Seek Medical Attention for a Child with Chickenpox?

While most cases of chickenpox in infants can be managed at home, there are certain situations in which you should consult a doctor. Contact your healthcare provider if:

Your baby is less than 3 months old and has been exposed to chickenpox or shows signs of the illness.^[2]
Your baby has a weakened immune system due to a medical condition or medication.
The rash is particularly severe or spreads to the eyes, mouth, or genitals.^[5]
Your baby develops signs of complications, such as difficulty breathing, high fever (above 102°F or 38.9°C), severe headache, stiff neck, or excessive sleepiness.^[5]
The fever lasts longer than 4 days or returns after disappearing.^[5]
Your baby is not drinking enough fluids or shows signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth, sunken eyes, or decreased urine output.^[3]
You have concerns about your baby’s condition or are unsure how to manage their symptoms.

Your healthcare provider can assess your baby’s condition, recommend appropriate treatment options, and monitor for any signs of complications.

What Are the Complications of Chickenpox in 11 Month Olds?

While chickenpox is generally a mild illness in healthy children, babies, especially those under 12 months old, are at a higher risk for developing complications. Some potential complications of chickenpox in infants include:

Secondary bacterial infections: Scratching the itchy rash can lead to skin infections, such as impetigo or cellulitis, which may require antibiotic treatment.^[7]
Pneumonia: Chickenpox can sometimes lead to pneumonia, a serious lung infection that can cause difficulty breathing, cough, and fever.^[7] Pneumonia is more common in infants, adults, and people with weakened immune systems.
Neurological complications: In rare cases, chickenpox can lead to inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meningitis).^[7] These complications can cause symptoms such as severe headache, stiff neck, confusion, and seizures.
Dehydration: Babies with chickenpox may become dehydrated due to fever, reduced fluid intake, or vomiting.^[3] Severe dehydration can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.
Congenital varicella syndrome: If a pregnant woman contracts chickenpox during the first or second trimester, there is a small risk that the virus can pass to the developing fetus, leading to congenital varicella syndrome.^[7] This rare condition can cause birth defects, skin scarring, eye problems, and neurological issues.

If your 11 month old develops any signs of complications, such as difficulty breathing, high fever, severe headache, or excessive sleepiness, seek immediate medical attention. Early recognition and treatment of complications can help prevent more serious health issues.

Takeaways

Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which can affect 11 month old babies.
Symptoms of chickenpox in babies include an itchy red rash, fever, loss of appetite, and fatigue.
Diagnosis is typically based on the presence of the characteristic rash and associated symptoms, but additional tests may be necessary in some cases.
Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications through home remedies and, in some cases, antiviral medications.
Prevention strategies include vaccination of family members and caregivers, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and maintaining good hygiene.
Babies under 12 months are at a higher risk for complications, such as secondary bacterial infections, pneumonia, and neurological issues.
Consult a doctor if your baby is less than 3 months old, has a weakened immune system, develops severe symptoms or complications, or if you have concerns about their condition.
Most babies recover from chickenpox within 7-14 days, but some may experience symptoms for up to 3 weeks.

FAQs

Can an 11 month old get the chickenpox vaccine?

No, the chickenpox vaccine is typically administered between 12-15 months of age. However, ensuring that family members and caregivers are up to date on their vaccinations can help protect your baby from exposure.

Is chickenpox dangerous for babies?

While chickenpox is generally a mild illness in healthy children, babies under 12 months are at a higher risk for complications, such as secondary bacterial infections, pneumonia, and neurological issues.

How long is a baby with chickenpox contagious?

A baby with chickenpox is contagious from 1-2 days before the rash appears until all the blisters have crusted over, which typically takes about 5-7 days.

Can I catch chickenpox from my baby?

If you have never had chickenpox or been vaccinated against it, you can catch the virus from your infected baby. Chickenpox is highly contagious and spreads easily through direct contact or through the air.

How can I soothe my baby’s chickenpox rash?

Applying calamine lotion, giving lukewarm baths with colloidal oatmeal, and using over-the-counter oral antihistamines can help relieve the itching associated with the chickenpox rash. Keeping your baby’s fingernails trimmed and putting mittens on their hands can prevent scratching and reduce the risk of secondary infections.